The beginning of cosmic ray astrophysics

A short history of the beginning of cosmic ray (CR) astrophysics is considered: from the hypothesis on CR origin as a result of Supernova explosions in the Metagalaxy, to a model of solar origin of CR, galactic origin based on the stochastic mechanism of charged particle acceleration in interstellar space, to extragalactic and hierarchical models of CR origin, as well as galactic CR origin taking into account radio-astronomical data. We consider also the first balloon results on the chemical contents of primary CR (especially of the contents Li, Be, B), important for any model of CR origin. Investigations of the injection problem, CR drift and diffusion acceleration by shock waves, and CR generation in Supernova remnants were also important steps in the beginning of CR astrophysics.     

The influence of orbital maneuver on autonomous orbit determination of an extended satellite navigation constellation

The right ascension of the ascending node is unobservable if only the inter-satellite ranging is used for autonomous orbit determination (AOD) of an Earth navigation constellation. However, if an Earth-Moon libration point satellite is added to the Earth navigation constellation to construct an extended navigation constellation, all the orbital elements can be determined with only the inter-satellite ranging. Furthermore, the extended navigation constellation can provide navigation information for interplanetary probes. For such an extended navigation constellation, orbital control needs to be considered due to the instability of the libration-point satellite orbit. This study concerns the influence of satellite orbital maneuver on the AOD of the extended navigation constellation. An AOD method under orbital maneuver is proposed. A low thrust controller is designed to achieve libration point satellite autonomous orbit maintenance by using AOD results. A navigation constellation consisting of three GPS satellites and one libration point satellite are designed for simulation. The simulation results show that libration point satellites can achieve autonomous navigation and autonomous orbit maintenance by only using inter-satellite ranging information. The rotation drift error of the Earth navigation constellation is also suppressed.     

基于2.5维小型化设计的UHF频段高性能超材料吸波体

提出一种基于2.5维小型化设计的高性能超材料吸波体,其吸波频带覆盖全球范围内超高频射频识别(Ultrahigh-frequency radio frequeny identification,UHF-RFID)系统工作频段。该吸波体结构借助多个金属化过孔增加回路电长度进行小型化并拓展吸波带宽,通过单独调节上下表面衰减电阻阻值缩小此过程中介质板厚度带来的极化差异。单元尺寸被缩小至13.6 mm×13.6 mm,约为中心频率波长的1/60。仿真和实验结果表明,该2.5维小型化高性能超材料吸波体在840～960 MHz的频带范围内平均吸收率超过99%,相比已公开文献,95%吸波带宽提高45%以上,可用于改善受限空间中RFID系统的可靠性。     

利用集群内测距和对目标测向的协同定位方法

当多个飞行器间相对位置测量精度显著高于飞行器绝对定位精度时，在飞行器间增加相对测量，对各飞行器的定位测量协同处理，能提高绝对定位精度。本文针对集群飞行器对非合作目标不能测距而仅能测向的情况，通过在集群飞行器间引入相互测距，来提高集群飞行器自身和对非合作目标的定位精度。对于这种不完整相对测量情况，给出了能提高定位精度的协同定位求解方法，包括非线性静态优化估计和线性化后最小二乘估计方法。这种协同定位方案，不需要进行完整的相对位置测量，对测距和测向在群体相对测量中进行合理分解，降低了飞行器测量设备配置的要求。通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于随机时隙的RFID读写器防冲突方法

针对密集读写器环境下的无线射频识别(RFID,Radio Frequency Identification)多读写器冲突情况,提出了一种基于随机时隙并通过中央计算机协调的读写器防冲突方法.首先,中央计算机发送每轮起始命令和时隙指令,读写器根据当前利用率随机选择时隙.选择当前时隙的读写器若没有接收到忙信号则发送信标并侦听,若无邻近读写器发送信标则开始读写标签,否则该轮回停止工作.若时隙末存在没有接收到忙信号的读写器则在额外时隙发送二次信标.与现有的分布式防冲突方法相比,该方法具有较好的吞吐量和公平性.     

Laser time transfer and its application in the Galileo programme

We are presenting the new instrument, new technology available and new measurement technique proposal for the Galileo programme – optical detector for the laser time transfer and one way laser ranging ground to space.     

距离信息对DDFRC算法定位误差的影响与分析

在固定单站无源定位算法中,基于角度(Direct of Arrival)、角度变化率(Direct of Arrival Rate-of-Change)、多普勒频率(Doppler Frequency)和多普勒频率变化率(Doppler Frequency Rate-of-Change)4个观测信息实现定位(即DDFRC定位)算法仅通过单次观测即可实现对目标辐射源的定位。文中通过转移观测的卡尔曼滤波对定位结果进行平滑,较原有算法拥有更好的跟踪效果。同时,对定位误差进行了定量分析,并将距离信息引入算法的仿真分析之中,详细讨论了各个观测量误差在不同距离时对算法定位性能的影响,根据仿真结果,结合定位误差的定量分析对算法性能做出评价。通过仿真分析,得到了定位算法对不同距离下各参数的精度要求,从而为在实际系统中使用该定位算法提供了参考。     

鱼雷过靶距离测试方法

通过分析模拟被鱼雷攻击目标的状态,提出了四点布阵测距和二点布阵测距的水听器配置方案,利用坐标转换、中心点法、最小距离法进行距离解算,可有效地对鱼雷过靶距离进行测试,同时,可利用深度信息对二点布阵测距的微量误差进行修正.     

First millimetric detections of AE Aquarii

We report the first millimetric detections of the magnetic cataclysmic variable AE Aquarii, accompanied by contemporaneous microwave observations. These data show that the time-averaged spectrum is well fit by a power-law which extends to mm wavelengths. We suggest that the spectrum is consistent with that expected from a superposition of flare-like events.     

通信系统电磁兼容性设计

一个设计不好的无线电发射机, 工作时产生的谐波十分严重, 而接收设备又对电磁干扰非常敏感。本文介绍了发射机谐波的抑制方法和接收机抗干扰技术体制, 实现自适应通信, 确保通信质量。